各类宝石

types of gemstones From the very dawn of civilization, man has been fascinated by brilliant, shiny, colorful shells, stones and crystals. Their possession made him more important than others. Gems have always been regarded as bringers of peace, prosperity and happiness. A couple of centuries ago, the terms 'Precious' and 'Semi-Precious' stones came into common use. Although there are many exceptions to this classification, but these terms are still in use. For example, diamonds have always been considered as precious stones, yet there are diamonds that sell for $100 a carat. On the other hand, there are garnets that sell in excess of $1,000 a carat and garnets have traditionally been considered semiprecious stones. For this reason, now-a-days jewelers often refer to gemstones, other than diamond, as 'Colored Stones'. Traditionally, common gemstones are classified into two categories:

Precious Stones Semi-Precious Stones

Precious Stones Gemstones which are highly valuable for their hardness and rarity, are known as Precious Stones. Precious Stones are generally expensive in comparison of Semi-Precious Stones. There are only four Precious Stones: Diamond Diamond is also considered as precious gem. Diamond is described extensively in Diamond Guide. Emerald Color - Emerald Green to Dark Green Mohs hardness scale - 7.5 - 8 Mineral Class - Beryl Source - Found in Columbia, Brazil, Zimbabwe, South Africa, Afghanistan, USA Emerald is one of the most fascinating and beautiful gemstones. The name of this remarkable gemstone comes from Greek 'Smaragdos', meaning 'Green Stone'. Its beautiful green color, combined with durability and rarity, makes it the one of the most valuable gemstones. Deep green is the most desired color in emeralds. The green color of this stone occupies a special position in many cultures and religions. Although Emeralds are notorious for their flaws but still they have been considered as high esteem gems since ancient times. Flawless stones are very uncommon, and are noted for their great value, sometimes even more than diamonds. Its good hardness protects the stone to a large extent from scratches but it may develop internal cracks if banged hard or if exposed to extreme temperature. Emeralds that were treated to mask internal flaws should never be cleaned with an ultrasonic jewelry cleaner, nor should they be washed with soap. These practices will remove the oil and expose the hidden internal flaws. Ruby Color - Bright red, brownish-red, purplish-red, dark red Mohs hardness scale - 9 Mineral Class - Corundum Source - Found mainly in Burma, Thailand, Sri Lanka and Tanzania Ruby is the red variety of the mineral corundum, one of the hardest minerals on Earth, of which the sapphire is also a variety. Corundum is the mineral form of alumina which crystallizes in the hexagonal system. The red color of ruby results from a small admixture of chromic oxide. Only red corundum is entitled to be called ruby, all other colors being classified as sapphires. The most prized tint is blood red or crimson known in the trade as 'pigeon's blood' red. The name of this rich and noble gemstone comes from Latin 'Rubens' for 'Red'. In Sanskrit, the ruby is called 'Ratnaraj', means 'the king of precious stones'. For thousands of years, the ruby has been considered one of the most valuable gemstones on Earth. It has everything a precious stone should have: magnificent color, excellent hardness and outstanding brilliance. In addition to that, it is an extremely rare gemstone, especially in its finer qualities. The most important thing about this precious stone is its color. The red color of the ruby is incomparable: warm and fiery. This gemstone has excellent hardness, durability, luster, and rarity too. Transparent rubies of large sizes are even rarer than diamonds. The ruby is considered as an excellent choice for the jewelry. Beyond its incomparably rich red hue, which alone might be enough attraction, the ruby is second only to the diamond for strength and durability. Although Ruby is a tough and durable gem, but it is still subject to chipping and fracture if handled roughly. Sapphire Color - Blue, Yellow, Green, White, Colorless, Pink, Orange, Brown and Purple Mohs hardness scale - 9 Mineral Class - Corundum Source - Found mainly in Sri Lanka, Thailand, Burma, Australia, India, Brazil and Africa Sapphire is also a variety of the mineral Corundum and represents all the colors except red Corundum, which is Ruby. Its physical and chemical properties are virtually similar to properties of Ruby. Blue is the main color of the Sapphire whereas this gemstone is also found in colors like green, orange, pink, gray, colorless, black, brown, and purple. The word 'Sapphire' in its plain context refers only to blue Sapphire, unless a prefix color is specified. Sapphire with a color other than blue is often called a 'Fancy' in the gem trade. The Sapphire gemstone symbolizes harmony, friendship and loyalty. Sapphire is the most precious blue gemstone. It is a most desirable gem due to its color, hardness, durability, and luster. Value of this gemstone depends on its size, color and transparency. Top-quality sapphires are extremely rare in all the gemstone mines of the world. Cutting of this gemstone requires great skills and experience and it is the job of the cutter to orientate the raw crystals in such a way that the color is brought out to its best improvement. Both Sapphires and Rubies have been successfully and widely produced synthetically in laboratories, and in appearance, chemical composition and hardness are almost identical to the natural gems. France is the major production hub for synthetic Corundum. The Sapphire is also considered as an excellent choice for the jewelry. In terms of hardness and durability, it is second only to the diamond (and equal to the ruby). It can be worn everyday without the caution needed with more fragile gemstones like the opal or topaz. Although Sapphire is a hard and durable gem, but it is still subject to chipping and fracture if handled very roughly.

Semi-Precious Stones

Gemstones those are valued for their beauty and not covered under any one of the four ‘Precious Stones’, Diamond, Emerald, Ruby or Sapphire, are known as Semi-Precious Stones. Semi-Precious Stones are available in all price ranges from low priced to high priced. There are many Semi-Precious Stones: Alexandrite Color - Dark to Pale Green (color is changed in different forms of lights) Mohs hardness scale - 8.5 Mineral Class - Chrysoberyl Source - Found mainly in Russia, Sri Lanka, Brazil, Burma, Madagascar, USA Alexandrite is a form of the mineral Chrysoberyl, discovered in 1830 in Russia and named after Czar Alexander II, who was then Crown Prince of Russia. This is a very attractive and rare stone, and therefore finely faceted Alexandrite above one carat is among the most expensive gemstones in the world, rarer than fine Ruby, Sapphire or Emerald. The most sensational feature about this stone is its surprising ability to change its color under different forms of light. Green or bluish-green in daylight, red in candle light, green in fluorescent light and reddish-purple in standard electric (tungsten) light. Amethyst Color - Purple, Pale lavender to deep reddish purple, bluish violet Mohs hardness scale - 7 Mineral Class - Quartz Source - Found mainly in Sri Lanka, Brazil, Burma, Canada, East Africa, India, North America, Russia, Uruguay, Madagascar and Australia Amethyst is a variety of Quartz family, colored by traces of manganese, titanium and iron. Deeper-colored amethysts are more highly valued. Rich purple has always been a rare and noble color. Amethyst’s name comes from Greek word 'Amethystos' mean 'Not Intoxicated' or ‘Not Drunken’. The Amethyst is said to bring good luck and to radiate love. This brilliantly sparkling stone is the most valued gemstone from the quartz family. Aquamarine Color - Blue, Sea-green Mohs hardness scale - 7.5 - 8 Mineral Class - Beryl Source - Found mainly in Brazil, Madagascar, Russia, Afghanistan, India, Pakistan, Nigeria, Zambia, Mozambique and USA Aquamarine is a variety of mineral Beryl. This is a fascinatingly beautiful gemstone found in colors like light blue of the sky to the deep blue of the sea. The more intense the color of an Aquamarine, the more value is put on it. Its name is derived from the Latin 'Aqua' (water) and 'Mare' (sea). Aquamarine is one of the most popular and best-known gemstones. Its hardness makes it very tough and protects it to a large extent from scratches. There is hardly any other gemstone in modern jewelry design which is refined in such a variety of ways as Aquamarine. Citrine Color - Light Yellow, Lemon Yellow, Amber-Brown, Brilliant Orange Mohs hardness scale - 7 Mineral Class - Quartz Source - Found mainly in South America, Brazil, Madagascar, Argentina, Russia, Scotland and Spain Citrine is a variety of mineral Quartz and often mistakenly called ‘Topaz’. This radiant, lemony yellow gemstone gets its name from the French word ‘Citrin’, meaning ‘Yellow’. There are not many yellow gemstones in the world of jewels and the Citrine fulfils everyone's color wishes, from lemon yellow to reddish brown, in affordable price range. Citrine is known as a tough gemstone with good durability. To a large extent, Citrine is insensitive to scratches and thus it is an excellent choice for everyday jewelry. Garnet Color - Light Red, Violet, Red, White, Green, Yellow, Brown, Black Mohs hardness scale - 6.5-7.5 Mineral Class - Quartz Source - Found mainly in Burma, Sri Lanka, South Africa, China, USA, Tanzania, Madagascar, India and Australia Garnet is a family of stones having many varieties differing in color and in their constituents. This name is derived from its resemblance in color and shape to the seeds of the pomegranate. The most common color of Garnets range from light red to violet, but can also be white, green, yellow, brown and black except blue. Garnet Stones are having following known varieties: Grossularite: Grossularite is generally olive green, but there are also yellow, red, brown and violet varieties. Pyrope Pyrope is similar to Almandine, but is lighter in color and brighter, even though it is translucent. It is often mistaken for ruby. Almandine Almandine is of a deep velvety red and the most widely used in jewelry making. The best stones are those that are not too dark. Rhodalite Rhodalite is half-way between Almandine and Pyrope, being of a rhododendron red color, and is the most prized of the garnets. The fire of top-quality Rhodolite is excellent. Some Other Varieties are Andradite, Essonite, Tsavorite, Spessartite, Melanite, Allochroite, Ouvarovite and Demantoid. This stone has a long history of use as a medicine stone and was used for healing blood and lung diseases. Iolite Color - Violet-Blue, Deep Blue, Light Blue-Gray, Yellow-White Mohs hardness scale - 7 – 7.5 Mineral Class - Cordierite Source - Found mainly in India, Sri Lanka, Mozambique, Zimbabwe and Brazil The name Iolite comes from the Greek word 'Ion', which means ‘Violet’. Iolite is often confused with Tanzanite because of its similarity in color. Generally, Iolite is a deeper shade of violet, with hues ranging from deep blue, purple, lavendar, and gray-blue. This gem was actually used as a navigation tool by Viking explorers. Thin pieces of Iolite were cut and used as polarizing filter lenses. Looking through the lens, they could determine the exact position of the sun and use it to guide them to the New World and back. Iolite is relatively hard but should be protected from blows. With its attractive color and reasonable price, it may become a jewelry staple in the future. Onyx Color - Black, White, Black with White bands, Red, Brown Mohs hardness scale - 6.5 - 7 Mineral Class - Quartz Source - Found mainly in Madagascar, India, Brazil, United States, Pakistan and Sri Lanka Onyx is a beautiful gemstone composed of chalcedony (a variety of quartz). This gemstone usually comes in white, black or black with white bands and it is generally dyed black to improve its color. The bands that are found on Onyx run parallel and are consistent. It is extremely similar to Agate, another variety of quartz. Agate bands are round or circular and are not consistent. Onyx which is available in a red, brown or reddish brown color is known as Sardonyx. Onyx was very popular with the ancient Greeks and Romans. The name comes from the Greek word 'onyx', which means nail or claw. In fine jewelry, the black backdrop is often supplied by onyx. Black Onyx gemstones with white bands are generally used into cameos and beads. Opal Color - Black, White, Gray, Yellow, Red, Orange and Colorless Mohs hardness scale - 5 - 6.5 Source - Found mainly in Australia, Brazil, Mali, Japan, Russia, USA, Mexico Opal is a very popular gemstone, mainly due to its wonderful variety of rich and beautiful colors. One of the extraordinary features of this gemstone is called Opalescence. Opalescence is a kind of light play that happens with certain high quality stones. Light reflects and bounces around the very small structures of the stone, giving it a wonderful aura and sometimes iridescence. The name Opal is derived from three sources: Sanskrit ‘Upala’, Latin ‘Opalus’, and Greek ‘Opallios’. All three of these words mean the same thing – precious stone. The group of fine Opals includes quite a number of wonderful gemstones. These gemstones are differentiated on the basis of the variety, place of occurrence, and color of the main body, into Dark or Black Opal, White or Light Opal, Milk or Crystal Opal, Boulder Opal, Opal Matrix, Mexican and Fire Opal. Opals come in many colors, including black, white, gray, yellow, colorless, orange and red. Red is considered the most popular and attractive colors that Opal comes in. There are usually two types of red colors – cherry red and fire red. Fire red is usually the most popular and possibly the most expensive due to its wonderful hue. Australia is the major supplier of Fine Opals and almost 95 per cent of all Opals come from Australian mines. Opal is made from sand and water. It has the same chemical formula as quartz with the addition of 3 to 10 % water content. And due to this reason, opals must be protected from harsh light and heat, which could dry it out and cause cracks. Opal is relatively less hard than many other stones and must be worn with caution and care to avoid chips or other breakage. Opals come in many attractive colors, shapes and sizes and are used on many types of ornamental jewelry including rings, earring rings, brooches, charms, bracelets, etc. Pearl Color - White, White tinted with Cream, Pink, Yellow, Green, Blue, Brown, Purple, or Black. Mohs hardness scale - 2.5 - 4.5 Source - Found mainly in Persian Gulf, China Sea A Pearl is an organic gem, produced when certain mollusks, primarily oysters cover a foreign object with beautiful layers of nacre. A good sized Pearl can take between five to eight years to form, which is usually the entire life of the oyster or mollusk. There are two types of Pearls: Natural Pearls, formed inside wild oysters, practically impossible to find nowadays, and Cultured Pearls in which the production of the pearl is artificially induced. For producing cultured pearls, shell beads are placed inside an oyster and the oyster is returned to the water. When the pearls are later harvested, the oyster has covered the bead with layers of nacre. The finest Natural Pearls are fished almost exclusively from the Persian Gulf and the China Sea, while the best cultivated ones come from Japan, Korea and more recently Australia. Fine Natural Pearls are much more expensive and rare to find than Cultured Pearls. Pearls are usually white, sometimes with a creamy or pinkish tinge, but may be tinted with yellow, green, blue, brown, purple, or black. Pearls are available in different shapes: round, semi-round, button, drop, pear, oval, baroque, and ringed. Perfectly round Pearls are the rarest and most expensive. Pearl is a rare and living substance and should be treated with great care. Peridot Color - Yellow Green, Olive, Brownish Green Mohs hardness scale - 6.5 - 7 Mineral Class - Olivine Source - Found mainly in Australia, Mexico, Sri Lanka, South Africa, Tanzania, China, Burma, Arizona, USA, Pakistan, Afghanistan The Peridot is a very old but still very popular gemstone. It is a verity of mineral olivine. The color of most gemstones is caused by traces of other elements but the color of Peridot is an integral part of its structure. Chemically Peridot is an iron-magnesium-silicate. The intensity of the color of the stone depends upon the amount of iron contained. The beauty of Peridot is a result of extreme conditions. Peridot is formed deep within the earth under tremendous heat and pressure. This gemstone is in fact identified by three names, Peridot, Chrysolith and Olivin. ‘Peridot’ is derived from Greek word ‘Peridona’, which mean ‘giving plenty’. The word ‘Chrysolith’ means ‘goldstone’ in Greek. It is one of the few stones that exist only in one color. The most beautiful Peridot comes from Pakistan-Afghanistan border region. It is also found in Australia, Mexico, Sri Lanka, South Africa, Tanzania, China, Burma, Arizona and USA. Peridot is used in rings, earrings, pendants, bracelets. Tanzanite Color - Deep Blue, Ultramarine Blue, Light Violet-Blue, Purple Mohs hardness scale - 6 - 7 Mineral Class - Quartz Source - Found in Tanzania Tanzanite is an extraordinary and beautiful gemstone. Tanzanite is a blue variety of the gemstone zoisite discovered in 1967 at Merelani Hills in Tanzania. It is named after the East African state of Tanzania, the only place in the world where it has been found. Due to this reason, this stone is particularly highly prized. Tanzanite is a trichroic gem which displays three layers of color. The colors dark blue, green-yellow and red-purple can be seen. Nearly all tanzanite has been heat treated to generate the beautiful violet-blue color this stone is known for. Although Tanzanite is relatively new on the gemstone market, but has left its mark. Tanzanite is popular for its brilliance and widely distributed gemstone. But on the same time, Tanzanite is a delicate gemstone and it should always be worn carefully. Never clean tanzanite in an ultrasonic cleaner or resize or repair a Tanzanite ring set without having the gem removed because the stone could shatter in the heat of a torch. Topaz Color - Blue, Brown, Green, Orange, Pink, Red, Yellow, White, Gold, Colorless Mohs hardness scale - 8 Mineral Class - Topaz Source - Found mainly in Brazil, Sri Lanka, Burma, Nigeria, USA, Australia, Madagascar and Mexico Topaz is a member of Quartz family. This beautiful gemstone most commonly found in yellow color. A Topaz turns a vivid blue when exposed to heat. Also the Topaz is said to have power of changing color when it’s near poison. The name topaz is derived from the Sanskrit word ‘Tapas’, meaning ‘Fire’. Although Topaz is considered tough and durable gemstone but still it is not an invincible stone. It cracks and chips easily than many other gemstones, and should be treated with care. Tourmaline Color - Black, Red, Pink, Blue, Green, Grey and Yellow Mohs hardness scale - 7 – 7.5 Mineral Class - Quartzite Source - Found mainly in Brazil, Sri Lanka, South Africa, Nigeria, Zimbabwe, Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique, Madagascar, Pakistan, Afghanistan, USA Tourmalines are gemstones with deep brilliance and incomparable variety of colors. These Gemstones are mixed crystals of aluminium boron silicate with a complex and changing composition. The name tourmaline comes from the Singhalese words 'tura mali', means something like 'stone with mixed colors'. Tourmalines with different colors have different names. For example, a tourmaline of an intense red is known as a 'rubellite', but if it changes the color on change in the light source then the stone is called pink or shocking pink tourmaline. Stones with two colors are known as bicolored tourmalines, and those with more than two are known as multicolored tourmalines. This gemstone has excellent wearing qualities and is easy to look after. No two tourmalines are exactly alike. In the fascinating world of gemstones, the tourmaline has a very special place. chinese translation- 宝石的种类 从文明的曙光极，人类一直着迷于绚丽，富有光泽，色彩斑斓的贝壳，石头和晶体。他们身上使他比其他人更重要。宝石一直被视为和平，繁荣和幸福带来者。 几个世纪前，术语“珍贵”和“半宝石”的石头来到普遍使用。虽然有很多例外情况分类，但这些条款仍然在使用。例如，钻石一直被视为宝石，竟然有卖100元一克拉的钻石。在另一方面，也有销售超过1000美元一克拉石榴石历来被视为半宝石的石榴石。出于这个原因，现在给天珠宝商往往是指宝石，钻石比其他，如“五彩石” 。 传统上，常见的宝石被分为两类：     宝石     半宝石 宝石 宝石这对它们的硬度和稀有性非常宝贵的，被称为宝石。宝石通常是昂贵的半宝石比较。只有四种宝石： 钻石 钻石也被认为是珍贵的宝石。钻石是钻石​​中广泛描述。 绿宝石 颜色 - 翡翠绿至暗绿色莫氏硬度表 - 7.5 - 8矿物类 - 绿柱石来源 - 在哥伦比亚，巴西，津巴布韦，南非，阿富汗，美国发现 翡翠是最迷人和美丽的宝石之一。这一显着宝石的名字来源于希腊语“ Smaragdos ' ，意思是'绿色石头' 。其美丽的绿色，再加上耐用性和稀有性，使它成为最珍贵的宝石之一。深绿色是翡翠最想要的颜色。这块石头的绿色占据了许多文化和宗教具有特殊的地位。 虽然祖母绿是臭名昭著的他们的缺点，但他们仍然一直自古以来被视为崇高的敬意宝石。完美无瑕的宝石是非常罕见的，并指出他们的巨大价值，有时比钻石还要多。其良好的硬度保护石头，在很大程度上避免刮伤，但它可能发展内部裂纹，如果硬撞，或者暴露在极端温度。那是经过屏蔽内部缺陷的祖母绿绝不应该用超声波首饰清洁剂清洗，也不应该用肥皂清洗。这些做法都将去除油污和揭露隐藏的内部缺陷。 红宝石 颜色 - 明亮的红色，棕红色，紫红色，暗红色莫氏硬度表 - 9矿物类 - 刚玉源 - 主要分布在缅甸，泰国，斯里兰卡和坦桑尼亚 红宝石是红色品种的矿物刚玉，一个地球上最坚硬的矿物质，其中的蓝宝石也是各种各样的。刚玉是氧化铝的矿物形式可结晶的六方晶系。红宝石的红色起因于一个小的混合氧化铬。只有红色的刚玉有权被称为红宝石，其他所有的颜色被分类为蓝宝石。最珍贵的色调是血红色或深红色贸易被称为“鸽血”红。 这种丰富和高尚的宝石的名字来自拉丁文'鲁本斯'为'红' 。在梵文中，红宝石被称为“ Ratnaraj ” ，意思是“宝石之王” 。几千年来，红宝石一直被认为是地球上最珍贵的宝石之一。它拥有一切宝石应该有：瑰丽的色彩，优良的硬度和出色的光彩。除此之外，它是一种极为罕见的宝石，尤其是它的精细品质。在这个宝石最重要的是它的颜色。红宝石的红色是无与伦比的：温暖和火热。这种宝石具有优异的硬度，耐久性，光泽，稀有了。大尺寸透明的红宝石比钻石更为罕见。 红宝石被认为是作为饰品的最佳选择。除了它的无比丰富的红色色调，仅此一项可能是不够的吸引力，红宝石是仅次于金刚石的强度和耐久性。尽管Ruby是一种坚韧耐用的宝石，但它仍然是受崩刃，断裂如果处理大致。 蓝宝石 颜色 - 蓝色，黄色，绿色，白色，无色，粉红色，橙色，棕色和紫色莫氏硬度表 - 9矿物类 - 刚玉源 - 主要分布在斯里兰卡，泰国，缅甸，澳大利亚，印度，巴西和非洲 蓝宝石也是各种矿物刚玉和代表除红色刚玉，这是Ruby的所有颜色。其物理和化学性质几乎类似红宝石的属性。蓝色是蓝宝石的主色调，而这种宝石也发现，在颜色，如绿色，橙色，粉色，灰色，无色，黑色，棕色，紫色。在纯文本中，该词“蓝宝石”仅指蓝色蓝宝石，除非指定一个前缀颜色。蓝宝石的颜色比蓝色等通常被称为'绚丽'在宝石贸易。蓝宝石宝石象征着和谐，友谊和忠诚。 蓝宝石是最珍贵的蓝色宝石。这是由于它的颜色，硬度，耐久性和光泽的最可取的宝石。这种宝石的价值取决于它的大小，颜色和透明度。顶级品质蓝宝石极为罕见，在世界所有的宝石矿。切割这种宝石，需要很大的技巧和经验，这是刀具的工作，定向生晶体的颜色带出其最佳的改善这样的方式。既蓝宝石和红宝石已经成功和广泛生产合成中的实验室，并在外观，化学成分和硬度几乎与天然宝石。法国是合成刚玉的主要生产中心。 蓝宝石也被认为是作为饰品的最佳选择。在硬度和耐用性方面，它是仅次于金刚石（和等于红宝石） 。它可以穿不用每天都需要用更脆弱的宝石，如蛋白石或黄玉的谨慎。虽然蓝宝石是一种坚硬耐用的宝石，但它仍然是受崩刃，断裂，如果处理得非常粗略。 半宝石 这些宝石的价值为自己的美丽，并根据这四个'宝石'中的任何一个没有盖的，钻石，祖母绿，红宝石或蓝宝石，被称为半宝石。半宝石，可从低价位到高价位的所有价格范围。有许多半宝石： 紫翠玉 颜色 - 深到浅绿色（颜色以不同形式的灯光变化）莫氏硬度表 - 8.5矿物类 - 金绿宝石源 - 主要分布在俄罗斯，斯里兰卡，巴西，缅甸，马达加斯加，美国 翠玉是金绿宝石矿物的一种形式，发现于1830年在俄罗斯和沙皇亚历山大二世，谁当时俄国王储的名字命名。这是一个非常有吸引力的和罕见的石头，因此细刻面宝石上面一克拉是世界上最昂贵的宝石之一，比精红宝石，蓝宝石或翡翠罕见。 关于这块石头最轰动的特点是它的令人惊讶的能力，根据不同形式的光来改变其颜色。绿色或蓝绿色在白天，红色蜡烛灯，绿色荧光灯和红紫色的标准电（钨）的光。 紫晶 颜色 - 紫色，淡紫色深紫红色，紫色莫氏硬度表 - 7矿物类 - 石英源 - 主要分布在斯里兰卡，巴西，缅甸，加拿大，东非，印度，北美，俄罗斯，乌拉圭，马达加斯加和澳大利亚 紫水晶是多种石英家族，由锰，钛和铁的痕迹彩色的。较深色的紫水晶更高度重视。紫色一直是一个罕见的，高贵的颜色。紫水晶的名字来自希腊字“ Amethystos '平均'不陶醉”或“不醉” 。紫水晶据说能带来好运和辐射的爱情。这精辟闪闪发光的石头是从石英家族中最有价值的宝石。 海蓝宝石 颜色 - 蓝色，海绿莫氏硬度表 - 7.5 - 8矿物类 - 绿柱石源 - 主要分布在巴西，马达加斯加，俄罗斯，阿富汗，印度，巴基斯坦，尼日利亚，赞比亚，莫桑比克和美国 海蓝宝石是多种矿物绿柱石。这是发现在颜色像天空的淡蓝色大海的深蓝色让人着迷美丽的宝石。更激烈的海蓝宝石的颜色，更看重的是穿上它。 它的名字源于拉丁文“水” （水）和“母马” （海） 。海蓝宝石是最流行和最知名的宝石之一。它的硬度使得它非常艰难的，它保护在很大程度上避免刮伤。几乎没有在其中提炼在这样的多种方式为海蓝宝石现代首饰设计中的任何其他宝石。 黄水晶 颜色 - 浅黄色，柠檬黄色，琥珀色，棕色，亮橙莫氏硬度表 - 7矿物类 - 石英源 - 主要分布在南美，巴西，马达加斯加，阿根廷，俄罗斯，苏格兰和西班牙 黄水晶是多种矿物石英，经常被误称为“黄玉” 。这光芒四射，柠檬黄色的宝石会从法语单词“西特林”它的名字，意为“黄色” 。不会有太多的黄宝石在珠宝的世界和黄水晶满足大家的愿望颜色，柠檬黄色至红棕色，在合理的价格范围。 黄水晶被称为一个艰难的宝石具有良好的耐用性。在很大程度上，黄水晶是不敏感的划痕，因此它是日常饰品的最佳选择。 石榴石 颜色 - 淡红色，紫色，红色，白色，绿色，黄色，棕色，黑色莫氏硬度表 - 6.5-7.5矿物类 - 石英源 - 主要分布在缅甸，斯里兰卡，南非，中国，美国，坦桑尼亚，马达加斯加，印度和澳大利亚 石榴石是一个家庭的有许多不同品种的颜色和他们的选民的石头。这个名字是从它的颜色和形状相似对石榴的种子获得。石榴石最常见的颜色范围从淡红色到紫色，但也可以是白色，绿色，黄色，褐色和黑色，蓝色除外。 石榴子石是有以下已知品种：     Grossularite ： Grossularite一般为橄榄绿色，但也有黄色，红色，棕色和紫色品种。     镁铝榴石镁铝榴石相似铁铝，但颜色较浅，更明亮，即使它是半透明的。它经常被误认为是红宝石。     铁铝榴石铁铝榴石是有深刻的天鹅绒般的红色和使用最广泛的珠宝制作。最好的石头是那些不是太黑了。     Rhodalite Rhodalite中途铁铝榴石和镁铝榴石之间，是一个杜鹃红颜色的，而且是最珍贵的石榴石。顶级品质的红榴石火是极好的。     一些其他的品种有钙铁， Essonite ，沙弗来石，锰铝， Melanite ， Allochroite ， Ouvarovite和翠榴石。这块石头有用作医药石的悠久历史，并用于治疗血液和肺部疾病。 堇青石 颜色 - 紫色，蓝色，深蓝色，浅蓝色，灰色，黄色，白色莫氏硬度表 - 7 - 7.5矿物类 - 堇青石源 - 主要分布在印度，斯里兰卡，莫桑比克，津巴布韦和巴西 这个名字堇青石来自希腊字“离子”，这意味着“紫罗兰” 。堇青石往往混淆，因为它的颜色相似性与坦桑石。一般来说，堇青石是一种更深的阴影紫色的，有色调从深蓝色，紫色，薰衣草，和灰蓝色。 这块宝石被实际用作导航工具被海盗探险家。薄件堇青石的被切断，作为偏振滤镜镜头。翻翻镜头，他们可以决定太阳的确切位置，并用它来引导他们到新大陆和背部。 堇青石是比较辛苦，但应该受到保护，免受打击。凭借其诱人的色彩，合理的价格，它可能成为一个珠宝主食的未来。 缟玛瑙 颜色 - 黑色，白色，黑色与白色条纹，红色，棕色莫氏硬度表 - 6.5 - 7矿物类 - 石英源 - 主要分布在马达加斯加，印度，巴西，美国，巴基斯坦和斯里兰卡 玛瑙是一种美丽的宝石玉髓（各种石英）组成。这种宝石通常以白色，黑色或黑色带有白色条纹，这是一般染成黑色，以改善其颜色。被发现在玛瑙并行不悖，而且带是一致的。这是非常相似，玛瑙，另有多款石英。玛瑙带是圆形或环形，并不一致。玛瑙是可在一个红色，棕色或红棕色的颜色被称为缠丝玛瑙。 玛瑙是与古希腊人和罗马人很受欢迎。这个名字来自希腊字“缟玛瑙”，这意味着指甲或爪。在高级珠宝，在黑色的背景下，往往是玛瑙提供。黑玛瑙宝石与白色条纹，一般用于为客串和珠子。 蛋白石 颜色 - 黑色，白色，灰色，黄色，红色，橙色和无色莫氏硬度表 - 5 - 6.5源 - 主要分布在澳大利亚，巴西，马里，日本，俄罗斯，美国，墨西哥 蛋白石是一个非常受欢迎的宝石，主要是由于其各种精彩丰富和美丽的颜色。其中这种宝石的非凡的功能被称为乳光。乳光是一种轻打，随着一些高品质的宝石发生。光的反射和跳来跳去的石头非常小的结构，给它一个美妙的光环，有时晕彩。 梵语'乌帕拉“ ，拉丁语' Opalus ' ，和希腊' Opallios ” ：这个名字蛋白石是由三个来源。所有这三个词的意思相同的事情 - 宝石。本组比玛瑙包括不少精彩的宝石。这些宝石是有区别的种类，发生地点，和主体，为暗或黑欧泊，白或浅欧泊，牛奶或水晶欧泊，博尔德蛋白石，蛋白石矩阵，墨西哥和火欧泊的颜色的基础上。 猫眼石有多种颜色，包括黑色，白色，灰色，黄色，无色，橙色和红色。红色被认为是最流行的和有吸引力的颜色，蛋白石用武之地。通常有两种类型的红颜色 - 樱桃红和火红色。火红色通常是最流行和可能是最由于其美妙的色调昂贵。 澳大利亚是精细蛋白石的主要供应商和近95 ％的所有欧泊％来自澳大利亚的煤矿。蛋白石是从沙子和水制成的。它具有相同的化学式为石英与另外的3 ％至10％的水含量。而且由于这个原因，蛋白石必须得到保护，免受恶劣光和热，这可能干出来，并引起裂缝。蛋白石是比许多其他的石头比较硬较少，必须谨慎和小心佩戴，以避免碎片或其他破损。蛋白石有许多吸引人的颜色，形状和大小，对许多类型的饰物，包括戒指，耳环戒指，胸针，魅力，手镯等则使用 珍珠 颜色 - 白色，白色与有色隔离霜，粉红色，黄色，绿色，蓝色，棕色，紫色或黑色。莫氏硬度表 - 2.5 - 4.5源 - 主要分布在波斯湾，中国海 戴珍珠是一种有机宝石，产在某些软体动物，主要是牡蛎覆盖异物与珍珠美丽层。一个好的大小的珍珠可以采取的五至八年形成，这通常是牡蛎或软体动物的整个生命周期。 有两种类型的珍珠：天然珍珠，里面的野生牡蛎形成，几乎不可能找到时下，和养殖珍珠在生产珍珠是人工诱导。为了生产养殖珍珠，贝壳珠放置牡蛎内部和牡蛎返回到水中。当珍珠收获以后，牡蛎已覆盖珠与珍珠质层。最好的天然珍珠是从波斯湾和中国海捕捞几乎完全，而最好的培养那些来自日本，韩国以及最近澳大利亚。优良的天然珍珠是更加昂贵和稀有找到比养殖珍珠。 珍珠通常是白色，有时有奶油或粉红色的色调，但可以与黄色，绿色，蓝色，棕色，紫色或黑色。珍珠可在不同的形状：圆形，半圆形，按钮，下拉，梨形，椭圆形，巴洛克式，和环斑。浑圆的珍珠是最稀有，最昂贵的。珍珠是一种罕见的活物，要十分小心对待。 贵橄榄石 色 - 黄绿色，橄榄，绿褐色莫氏硬度表 - 6.5 - 7矿物类 - 橄榄石源 - 主要分布在澳大利亚，墨西哥，斯里兰卡，南非，坦桑尼亚，中国，缅甸，亚利桑那州，美国，巴基斯坦，阿富汗 橄榄石是一个非常古老的，但还是很受欢迎的宝石。它是矿物橄榄石的真实性。最宝石的颜色是由其他元素的痕迹引起的，但橄榄石的颜色是其结构的一个组成部分。化学橄榄石是一种铁 - 镁硅酸盐。石头的颜色的强度取决于铁的含有量。橄榄石的美是极端条件下的结果。橄榄石是承受着巨大的热量和压力形成地球深处。 这种宝石其实是在确定的三个名字，橄榄石， Chrysolith和橄榄石。 “橄榄石”是从希腊字“ Peridona ”，这意味着“给予充足的'衍生。这个词' Chrysolith '是指在希腊语中“金石” 。它是只存在于一种颜色的一些石头之一。最美丽的橄榄石来自巴基斯坦和阿富汗边境地区。它也被发现在澳大利亚，墨西哥，斯里兰卡，南非，坦桑尼亚，中国，缅甸，亚利桑那州和美国。橄榄石是用在戒指，耳环，吊坠，手链。 坦桑 颜色 - 深蓝，群青蓝色，浅​​紫色，蓝色，紫色莫氏硬度表 - 6 - 7矿物类 - 石英源 - 在坦桑尼亚发现 坦桑石是一种平凡而美丽的宝石。坦桑石是一种蓝在各种Merelani山在坦桑尼亚发现于1967年的宝石黝帘石。经过坦桑尼亚，已经发现世界上唯一的地方东非国家命名。由于这个原因，这块石头特别如获至宝。 坦桑石是一种trichroic的宝石，其显示色彩的三层。颜色深蓝色，绿色，黄色和红色，紫色就可以看出。几乎所有的坦桑石经热处理，以产生美丽的紫蓝色这块石头而闻名。 虽然坦桑石是比较新的宝石市场上，但留下了痕迹。坦桑石是流行的辉煌和广泛分布的宝石。但在同一时间，泉石是细致的宝石，它应始终小心磨损。从来没有干净的坦桑石在超声波清洗器或调整或修复坦桑石环集，而不必宝石移除，因为石头会打破在火把的热量。 黄玉 颜色 - 蓝色，棕色，绿色，橙色，粉红色，红色，黄色，白色，金色，无色莫氏硬度表 - 8矿物类 - 黄玉源 - 主要分布在巴西，斯里兰卡，缅甸，尼日利亚，美国，澳大利亚，马达加斯加和墨西哥 黄水晶是石英家族的一员。这种美丽的宝石，呈黄色最常见。黄玉轮流当暴露在热的鲜亮的蓝色。也黄玉是说，有变色时，它的毒附近的电源。这个名字黄玉是从梵文'小吃' ，意思是'火' 。 虽然黄玉被认为是坚韧和耐用的宝石，但它仍然不是一个无敌的石头。它的裂缝和薯条容易比其他许多宝石，并应小心使用。 电气石 颜色 - 黑色，红色，粉红色，蓝色，绿色，灰色和黄色莫氏硬度表 - 7 - 7.5矿物类 - 石英岩源 - 主要分布在巴西，斯里兰卡，南非，尼日利亚，津巴布韦，肯尼亚，坦桑尼亚，莫桑比克，马达加斯加，巴基斯坦，阿富汗，美国 碧玺是宝石深的辉煌和无与伦比的各种颜色。这些宝石是铝硼硅酸盐具有复杂和变化的组合物的混合晶体。 该名电气石来自伽罗话“图拉马里' ，意思大概是”石头拼色' 。碧玺具有不同的颜色有不同的名称。例如，一个强烈的红色碧玺被称为“碧玺” ，但如果它改变了对变化的颜色的光源，然后石头被称为粉红或令人震惊的粉红色电气石。结石两种颜色被称为bicolored电气石，以及那些具有两个以上的被称为多色电气石。 这种宝石具有优良的穿着品质和容易照顾。没有两个碧玺是完全一样的。在宝石的迷人世界，碧玺有一个非常特别的地方。